Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers

Asif Eakball Emon; Md Shawon; Sohan Molla; Md Sajib Nowajh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

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| Peer-Reviewed

Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers

Asif Eakball Emon

, Md Shawon^*

, Sohan Molla

, Md Sajib Nowajh

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 3)

Received: 28 March 2025 Accepted: 15 April 2025 Published: 26 May 2025

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Abstract

Microgrids are gaining prominence as essential components of modern power systems, particularly in facilitating renewable energy integration and enhancing system resilience. However, the inherent complexity and dynamic behavior of microgrids present significant control challenges, including voltage stability, frequency regulation, and fault mitigation. This paper proposes an improved microgrid controller designed to ensure robust stability under varying and uncertain operating conditions. The controller integrates a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI)-based design approach with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategies, enabling adaptive and efficient performance tuning. By employing the Lyapunov stability theory and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) principles, the proposed controller minimizes control effort while maintaining system robustness in the presence of nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, harmonic distortions, and dynamic load variations. Detailed modeling of both single-phase and three-phase microgrid systems is presented, incorporating critical components such as voltage source inverters (VSIs), LC filters, and transformers. The controller's design is validated through extensive simulations, evaluating its response to various real-world load conditions, including harmonic, non-linear, dynamic, asynchronous, and unknown loads. Results demonstrate the controller’s effectiveness in reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), maintaining voltage and current stability, and enhancing system adaptability during faults and operational fluctuations. A comparative analysis with conventional controllers further underscores the improved controller's superior performance in ensuring stability and reliability. This study contributes a scalable and resilient control framework, well-suited for evolving smart grid environments and high-penetration renewable energy systems.

Published in	Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
Page(s)	116-130
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Microgrid, Robust Stability, PID Controllers, Frequency Regulation, System Resilience

References

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APA Style

Emon, A. E., Shawon, M., Molla, S., Nowajh, M. S. (2025). Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 13(3), 116-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

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ACS Style

Emon, A. E.; Shawon, M.; Molla, S.; Nowajh, M. S. Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2025, 13(3), 116-130. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

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AMA Style

Emon AE, Shawon M, Molla S, Nowajh MS. Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers. J Electr Electron Eng. 2025;13(3):116-130. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11,
  author = {Asif Eakball Emon and Md Shawon and Sohan Molla and Md Sajib Nowajh},
  title = {Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers
},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {116-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20251303.11},
  abstract = {Microgrids are gaining prominence as essential components of modern power systems, particularly in facilitating renewable energy integration and enhancing system resilience. However, the inherent complexity and dynamic behavior of microgrids present significant control challenges, including voltage stability, frequency regulation, and fault mitigation. This paper proposes an improved microgrid controller designed to ensure robust stability under varying and uncertain operating conditions. The controller integrates a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI)-based design approach with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategies, enabling adaptive and efficient performance tuning. By employing the Lyapunov stability theory and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) principles, the proposed controller minimizes control effort while maintaining system robustness in the presence of nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, harmonic distortions, and dynamic load variations. Detailed modeling of both single-phase and three-phase microgrid systems is presented, incorporating critical components such as voltage source inverters (VSIs), LC filters, and transformers. The controller's design is validated through extensive simulations, evaluating its response to various real-world load conditions, including harmonic, non-linear, dynamic, asynchronous, and unknown loads. Results demonstrate the controller’s effectiveness in reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), maintaining voltage and current stability, and enhancing system adaptability during faults and operational fluctuations. A comparative analysis with conventional controllers further underscores the improved controller's superior performance in ensuring stability and reliability. This study contributes a scalable and resilient control framework, well-suited for evolving smart grid environments and high-penetration renewable energy systems.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers

AU  - Asif Eakball Emon
AU  - Md Shawon
AU  - Sohan Molla
AU  - Md Sajib Nowajh
Y1  - 2025/05/26
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 116
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
AB  - Microgrids are gaining prominence as essential components of modern power systems, particularly in facilitating renewable energy integration and enhancing system resilience. However, the inherent complexity and dynamic behavior of microgrids present significant control challenges, including voltage stability, frequency regulation, and fault mitigation. This paper proposes an improved microgrid controller designed to ensure robust stability under varying and uncertain operating conditions. The controller integrates a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI)-based design approach with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategies, enabling adaptive and efficient performance tuning. By employing the Lyapunov stability theory and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) principles, the proposed controller minimizes control effort while maintaining system robustness in the presence of nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, harmonic distortions, and dynamic load variations. Detailed modeling of both single-phase and three-phase microgrid systems is presented, incorporating critical components such as voltage source inverters (VSIs), LC filters, and transformers. The controller's design is validated through extensive simulations, evaluating its response to various real-world load conditions, including harmonic, non-linear, dynamic, asynchronous, and unknown loads. Results demonstrate the controller’s effectiveness in reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), maintaining voltage and current stability, and enhancing system adaptability during faults and operational fluctuations. A comparative analysis with conventional controllers further underscores the improved controller's superior performance in ensuring stability and reliability. This study contributes a scalable and resilient control framework, well-suited for evolving smart grid environments and high-penetration renewable energy systems.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Asif Eakball Emon

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6476-9079
Md Shawon

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7055-8399
Sohan Molla

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2588-8989
Md Sajib Nowajh

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9961-6038

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APA Style

Emon, A. E., Shawon, M., Molla, S., Nowajh, M. S. (2025). Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 13(3), 116-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

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ACS Style

Emon, A. E.; Shawon, M.; Molla, S.; Nowajh, M. S. Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2025, 13(3), 116-130. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

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AMA Style

Emon AE, Shawon M, Molla S, Nowajh MS. Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers. J Electr Electron Eng. 2025;13(3):116-130. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11,
  author = {Asif Eakball Emon and Md Shawon and Sohan Molla and Md Sajib Nowajh},
  title = {Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers
},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {116-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20251303.11},
  abstract = {Microgrids are gaining prominence as essential components of modern power systems, particularly in facilitating renewable energy integration and enhancing system resilience. However, the inherent complexity and dynamic behavior of microgrids present significant control challenges, including voltage stability, frequency regulation, and fault mitigation. This paper proposes an improved microgrid controller designed to ensure robust stability under varying and uncertain operating conditions. The controller integrates a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI)-based design approach with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategies, enabling adaptive and efficient performance tuning. By employing the Lyapunov stability theory and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) principles, the proposed controller minimizes control effort while maintaining system robustness in the presence of nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, harmonic distortions, and dynamic load variations. Detailed modeling of both single-phase and three-phase microgrid systems is presented, incorporating critical components such as voltage source inverters (VSIs), LC filters, and transformers. The controller's design is validated through extensive simulations, evaluating its response to various real-world load conditions, including harmonic, non-linear, dynamic, asynchronous, and unknown loads. Results demonstrate the controller’s effectiveness in reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), maintaining voltage and current stability, and enhancing system adaptability during faults and operational fluctuations. A comparative analysis with conventional controllers further underscores the improved controller's superior performance in ensuring stability and reliability. This study contributes a scalable and resilient control framework, well-suited for evolving smart grid environments and high-penetration renewable energy systems.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Improved Microgrid Controller with Robust Stability, Conjunction with PID Controllers

AU  - Asif Eakball Emon
AU  - Md Shawon
AU  - Sohan Molla
AU  - Md Sajib Nowajh
Y1  - 2025/05/26
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 116
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20251303.11
AB  - Microgrids are gaining prominence as essential components of modern power systems, particularly in facilitating renewable energy integration and enhancing system resilience. However, the inherent complexity and dynamic behavior of microgrids present significant control challenges, including voltage stability, frequency regulation, and fault mitigation. This paper proposes an improved microgrid controller designed to ensure robust stability under varying and uncertain operating conditions. The controller integrates a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI)-based design approach with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategies, enabling adaptive and efficient performance tuning. By employing the Lyapunov stability theory and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) principles, the proposed controller minimizes control effort while maintaining system robustness in the presence of nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, harmonic distortions, and dynamic load variations. Detailed modeling of both single-phase and three-phase microgrid systems is presented, incorporating critical components such as voltage source inverters (VSIs), LC filters, and transformers. The controller's design is validated through extensive simulations, evaluating its response to various real-world load conditions, including harmonic, non-linear, dynamic, asynchronous, and unknown loads. Results demonstrate the controller’s effectiveness in reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), maintaining voltage and current stability, and enhancing system adaptability during faults and operational fluctuations. A comparative analysis with conventional controllers further underscores the improved controller's superior performance in ensuring stability and reliability. This study contributes a scalable and resilient control framework, well-suited for evolving smart grid environments and high-penetration renewable energy systems.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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